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81 νεμεσάω
νεμεσάω, used by Hom. and Hes. in [var] contr. forms νεμεσῶ, -ῶσι (v. infr.); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.A ; imper.νεμέσσα Od.23.213
: [tense] impf.ἐνεμέσων Plu.Sull.6
; [dialect] Ep.ἐνεμέσσα Il.13.16
, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.νεμέσασκε 11.543
(as cited by Arist.Rh. 1387a35): [tense] fut.- ήσω Arist.
ib.12: [tense] aor.ἐνεμέσησα D.45.71
, etc.; poet.νεμέσησα Od.21.285
; [dialect] Dor.- ᾱσα Pi.I.1.3
:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., [dialect] Ep.νεμεσσῶμαι Il.13.119
: [tense] fut.νεμεσήσομαι 10.129
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. opt.νεμεσσήσαιτο Od.1.228
: more freq. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass.νεμεσσήθη 1.119
, [ per.] 3pl.- θεν Il.2.223
, etc.:—feel just resentment, to be wroth at undeserved good or bad fortune (cf. νέμεσις) freq. of the gods,νεμέσησε δὲ πότνια Ἥρη Il.8.198
;τῷ δὲ θεοὶ νεμεσῶσι Hes.Op. 741
, etc., cf. Arist.Rh. 1386b16; also of men, sts. abs.,μὴ νεμέσα Il.10.145
; τὸ νεμεσᾶν, opp. τὸ φθονεῖν, Cic.Att. 5.19.3; ν. τινί to be wroth with a person or at a thing, Il.24.53, etc.: rarely in Prose, Pl.Lg. 927c, D.20.161: c. part., οὐ νεμεσῶ Ἀγαμέμνονι.. ὀτρύνοντι if he incites, ll.4.413; νεμεσᾷ ὁ θεός, ὅταν .. Pl.Min. 319a: c. dat. pers. et acc. rei,μὴ νῦν μοι τόδε χώεο μηδὲ νεμέσσα Od.23.213
, cf. Hes.Op. 756, Arist.Rh. 1384b4; ν. ἐπί τινι ib. 1387a6, Onos.4.2: c. dat. pers. et gen. rei, Luc.Scyth.9, Porph.Abst. 2.7:—[voice] Pass., ἐνεμεσήθη (sc. by the gods) Plu.Cat.Mi.38.2 grudge,τὰς εὐπραγίας ἡ τύχη τισὶ ἐνεμέσησε J.BJ1.22.1
:—[voice] Pass., εἰ νεμεσηθείην τῆς ἐπιβολῆς ib.6.1.6.II [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., prop. to be displeased with oneself,νεμεσσᾶται δ' ἐνὶ θυμῷ.. ἐπες βολίας ἀναφαίνειν
is indignant, ashamed at the thought of.., rejects it as unseemly,Od.
4.158; feel shame,νεμεσσήθητε καὶ αὐτοί, ἄλλους τ' αἰδέσθητε 2.64
;νεμεσσήθητε δὲ θυμῷ Il.16.544
; .2 [voice] Med. in act. sense, freq. in Hom., c. dat. pers.,εἴ πέρ μοι νεμεσήσεαι Il.10.115
, cf. 129: c. part.,νεμεσσήσαιτό κεν.. ὁρόων Od. 1.228
: c. inf., : c. acc. et inf.,οὔ σε νεμεσσῶμαι κεχολῶσθαι 18.227
: c. acc. rei, νεμεσσᾶται κακὰ ἔργα is wroth at evil deeds, 14.284.—Poet. Verb, never in Trag., rare in good Prose (v. supr.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > νεμεσάω
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82 ἀμφιέπω
ἀμφιέπω, poet. also [full] ἀμφέπω (the only form in Trag.): [tense] impf. or [tense] aor. ἀμφίεπον and ἄμφεπον, both in Hom. (v. infr.): poet. Verb only in the tenses cited, and once or twice in [voice] Med.: ( ἕπω:—A go about, be all round, γάστρην τρίποδος πῦρ ἄμφεπε Il.18.348, Od.8.437;πρύμνην πῦρ ἄμφεπε Il.16.124
; ἔερσ' ἀμφέπει the dew (of milk and honey, metaph. of song) crowns [the bowl], Pi.N.3.78.2 beset, press hard, Il.11.483; so perh. in Od.3.118 (v. infr. 11.2).II to be busy about, look after,ἀμφίεπον τάφον Ἕκτορος Il. 24.804
, cf. 5.667; ἀμφὶ βοὸς ἕπετον κρέα dressed the meat, 11.776; βοῦς, ιν ἀ., Od.8.61, Il.24.622:— do honour or reverence to,Δάματρα Pi.O.6.95
; tend or heal sick, P.3.51; ἀ. σκῆπτρον sway the sceptre, O.1.12, cf. S.El. 651; esp.guard, protect, Pi.P.5.68, prob. in E.Med. 480, etc.;Βακχεῦ.. ὃς ἀμφέπεις Ἰταλίαν S.Ant. 1118
; ; simply, frequent,χῶρον Simon.58
:—ἀ. κῆδος cherish an alliance, E.Ph. 340; ἀ. μόχθον go through toil and trouble, Pi.P.4.268; σύμπειρον ἀγωνία θυμὸν ἀ. foster spirit in contests, N.7.10; ἀ. ὄλβον enjoy happiness, I.4(3).59;ἀ. παννυχίδας Critias 1.8
.2 abs., in part., with good heed, carefully,ἵππους ἀμφιέποντες ζεύγνυσαν Il.19.392
; στίχας ἵστατον ἀμφιέποντες ib.2.525;κακὰ ῥάπτομεν ἀμφιέποντες Od.3.118
; ὁ ἀμφέπων δαίμων the fortune that attends one, Pi.P.3.108.3 [voice] Med., crowd about,ἀμφὶ δ' ἄρ' αὐτὸν Τρῶες ἕπονθ' Il.11.473
codd.; accompany round about,τινί Q.S.1.47
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀμφιέπω
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83 ἄνεω
ἄνεω, Adv. -
84 ὀλοφύρομαι
Aὀλοφυροῦνται Lys. 29.4
codd. (- ονται edd.): [tense] aor.ὠλοφυράμην Id.2.37
; [dialect] Ep. (without augm.) ὀλοφύραο, ὀλοφύρατο, Od.11.418, Il.8.245 :—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. part. ὀλοφυρθείς in same signf., Th.6.78 :—an [dialect] Aeol. form [full] ὀλοφύρρω cited by Hdn.Gr.2.949.I intr., lament, wail, moan, freq. in [tense] pres. part., Il.5.871, al.: with an Adv.,πόλλ' ὀλοφυρόμενοι 24.328
;οἴκτρ' ὀλοφυρομένους Od.10.409
;αἴν' ὀ. 22.447
, cf. Hdt.2.141, Democr.107a ;ὀ. κακοῖς Th.6.78
: abs., Pl.R. 329a.2 lament or mourn for the ills of others: hence, feel pity,ὀλοφύρεται ἦτορ Il.16.450
;ὀ. θυμῷ Od.11.418
: c. gen., have pity upon one,Δαναῶν Il.8.33
, 202 ;ὀλοφύρεται ἦτορ Ἕκτορος 22.169
.3 beg with tears and lamentations,καί μοι δὸς τὴν χεῖρ', ὀλοφύρομαι 23.75
.4 c. inf., πῶς ὀλοφύρεαι ἄλκιμος εἶναι; how is it thou lamentest that thou must be brave? Od.22.232 : c. part.,ὀ. τριηραρχοῦντες Lys.29.4
.II c. acc., lament over, bewail, Od.19.522, S.El. 148 (lyr.), E.Rh. 896 (lyr.), Th.2.44 ;σφᾶς αὺτούς Lys.2.37
; τὸν μὲν γενόμενον ὀλοφύρονται, ὅσα μιν δεῖ.. ἀναπλῆσαι κακά for all the miseries which he must go through, Hdt. 5.4.2 pity, τινα Il.8.245, Od.4.364, 10.157.—[dialect] Ep. Verb, rare in Trag., sts. in [dialect] Att. Prose, cf. ὀλοφυρμός, ὀλόφυρσις.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀλοφύρομαι
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85 ἀφαυρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `weak' (Il.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown. These words are often explained as contaminations (s. Frisk), for which there is no reason; it only testifies to our ignorance. Much more probably Fur. 330 compares φαῦρος κοῦφος H., φλαῦρος (with inserted λ?) and φαῦλος. I suggest that ἀμαυρός \/ μαυρός is also cognate (with μ \/ labial stop, e.g. λαφύσσω \/ λαμυρός etc., Fur. 224ff.; note the v.l. of the verb cited above). Note that - αυρος can hardly be IE (- eh₂u-ro-?).Page in Frisk: 1,194Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀφαυρός
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86 γλοιός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `glutinous substance, gum', also the oil and sweat, scraped off by sporters (Semon.); sec. also adj. (Pap.).Derivatives: γλοιώδης (Pl.); γλοιάς ἡ κακοήθης ἵππος καὶ πολυδήκτης παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ H., γλοίης, - ητος m. `slippery, shifty' (Hdn.; s. Chantr. Form. 267). Denom. γλοιόομαι `become sticky' (Dsc.), γλοιάζω `twinkle with the eyes' (Hp.). - Also γλία `glue' (EM) and γλίνη (EM) with γλινώδης (Dsc.), γλίον εὔτονον, ἰσχυρόν (H.), perh. also γλιᾶται παίζει, ἀπατᾳ̃ H., γλιῶσαι τὸ παίζειν EM. - Further γλίττον γλοιόν (H.). - Verb γλίχομαι, only pres. (but ἐγλιξάμην, Pl. Com.) prop. `stick to', i. e. `long for' (Hdt.), γλιχός (H.), γλιχώ (EM). - The development of the meaning is not always clear (s. DELG). - On γλίσχρος s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: If from *γλοιϜός, the word agrees with Russ. dial. glev `slime of fishes' (Slav. *glěvъ \< *gloi-u̯o-s), prob. also in OHG klēo, gen. klēwes `clover' (Pgm. *klaiu̯az; from the sticky juice?). If however = *γλοιι̯ός (with expressive gemination?), the word would correspond to OE clǣg `loam, clay' (PGm. *klaii̯az). - The ν-suffix in γλίνη, also in Russ.CS. glěnъ `slime' (* gloi-no-s) and in Russ. glína `clay, loam' (\< * glei-nā) is explained from a nasal present, OIr. glenim (* gli-nā-mi), OHG klenan `stick, smear'. - The gloss γλίττον (H.) is with Lat. glittus `sticky' explained as expressive gemination of the t-suffix in Lat. glūten n. `glue' (\< * gloi-t-en-?; not old r-n-stem with Benveniste Origines 104) and Lith. glitùs `sticky'. - γλία is compared with Russ. glej `clay, loam' (\< * glьjь). - No cognate for γλίχομαι; χ-present in Schwyzer 702. - See Pok. 362f. Not all comparisons are convincing. Also most words cited are Balto-Slavic or Germanic, which suggests words from a European substratum.Page in Frisk: 1,312-313Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γλοιός
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87 -κναίω
- κναίωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `scrape, scratch', only with prefix, δια-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-κναίω (Hp., Trag. in lyr., Att.);Other forms: also as simplex, Att. inf. κνῆ-ν, κνῆ-σθαι, 1. a. 3. sg. pres. κνῶ, κνῃ̃, ipf. ἐπὶ... κνῆ (Λ 639), also κνᾶ-ν (Hdt.), κνᾶ-σθαι, κνᾳ̃ (hell.); further κνήθω, also with κατα-, ἐν-, ἐπι- a. o. (Arist., hell.). Non-pres. forms: 1. - κναῖσαι, - κναισθῆναι, - κναίσω, - κεκναισμένος (Ar., E. in lyr., Pl.,Theoc.); more usual (as simpl. a. comp.) 2. κνῆσαι, Dor. opt. midd. (Theoc.) κνάσαιο, κνησθῆναι, κνήσω, κέκνησμαι (IA.).Derivatives: Action nouns: 1. κνῆσις `scratching, tickling' (Pl.) with κνησιάω `desire to tickle' (Ar., Pl.), also κνηστιάω `id.' (Gal., Jul.; after the verbs in - τιάω) and κνηθιάω `id.' (Hdn., EM; after κνήθω, cf. Schwyzer 732). 2. κνῆσμα (rarely κνῆμα) `id.' (Hp., X.); 3. κνησμονή `id.' (medic.; πῆμα: πημονή etc.); 4. κνησμός `id.' (Hp., Arist.) with κνησμώδης `affected with itching' (Hp., Arist., Str.). 5. κνηθμός `itching' (Nic.). - Agent nouns and instruments: 6. κνῆστις f. (from *κνήστης m.) `knife for scratching, cheese-grater' (Λ 640, Nic., Opp.), also `spine' (κ 161; cf. ἄκνηστις s.v.); diff. on κνῆστις z. B. Fraenkel Glotta 4, 41ff., Benveniste Noms d'agent 77; 7. κνηστήρ `scratching knife' (Nic.). 8. κνηστίς -ίδος f. `hollow hair-pin' (Plu.). 9. κνῆστρον `stinging plant, Daphne oleoides, θυμελαία' (Hp., Dsc.); κνηστρίον `scraper', ( Edict. Diocl.). - Adj. 10. κνηστικός `scratching, itching' (Sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Of the presents κναίειν, κνῆν, κνήθειν the last can be an innovation to κνῆ-σαι etc. after πλῆ-σαι: πλή-θ-ω, λῆ-σαι: λήθ-ω a. o. The pair κνῆν: κναίειν agrees with the semantically close ψῆν: ψαίειν. - One compares several words with initial IE. * k(e)n- but with different forms, which is not surprising in view of the emotional value of expressions for `scratch, grate'. With κνῆ-ν (prob. orig. athematic; Schwyzer 675f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 297 a. 307) from IE. * knē- agree best in Baltic and Germanic Lith. kn(i)ó-tis `peek (oneself) off, get loose', OHG nuoen `make smooth by scratching, fit exactly' (with OHG hnuo `joint, groove' etc.) from IE. * knō-? (cf. κνώ-δ-αλον?), perh. * knā- as in Alb. krromë `scab, mange' form IE. *knā-mn̥ (Gr. κνῆμα is independent). Lat. cnāsonas however, acc. pl. `scratching nails' (Paul. Fest. 52) from hell. *κνά̄σων `scratcher' ( κνᾶσαι ὀλέσαι, λυπῆσαι H.); cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207. - The - αι- in κναίω however has no direct counterpart (Lith. knaisýti is secondary to knìsti `scratch', s. κνίζω). Connecting κνῆ-ν and κναί-ειν to an old paradigma (* knē[i]-mi: knǝi-mé (Schwyzer 676; cf. Specht Ursprung 325; the last form is impossible since the laryngeal theory) is quite hypothetical. - Cf. κνίζω, κνύω, κνάπτω; κνώδαλον, κνήφη, κνέωρος and κόνις; s. Pok. 559ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. knablỹs. - Strangely enough it has not been proposed that the words could well be Pre-Greek; the meaning makes this quite possible; the connections in Pok. 599 are far from convincing. Cf. also κναδάλλεται κνήθεται H., with which compare γνάφαλλον, γνόφαλον, which are clearly Pre-Greek (s.s.v. κνάπτω); is κναδ- a variant of κνηθ-? For κναδ- no PIE prefrom can be reconstructed (cf. on γνάθος). Note that Kuiper assumed that words with kn- in Germanic were prob. substrate, NOWELE 25 (1995) 68 a.70. The formation of κνήσων (and the Latin loan cnāsōn- cited above) seems non-IE; cf. DELG s.v. Also the formation of a verb in - αίω is unknown.Page in Frisk: 1,880-881Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > -κναίω
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88 ataquetië
noun or gerund of verb saying again, repetition PE17:166. Cited as ataquetië, implying an alternative form atquetië. -
89 inca
"k" noun "idea" VT45:18, where the word is cited with a final hyphen, though its gloss would indicate that it is a noun not a verb. Originally, the triple glosses "idea, notion, guess" were provided. -
90 canta
1 "k" cardinal "four" KÁNAT, VT42:24, VT48:6. In the Etymologies as printed in LR, this word was cited with a final hyphen as if it were a verb, but the hyphen does not actually appear in Tolkien's manuscript VT45:19. Ordinal cantëa "k" "fourth" VT42:25 Compare cantil. 2 "k" nounshape PE17:175, also used as adj. "shaped", also as quasi-suffix -canta "k" "-shaped" KAT -
91 sat-
vb. "set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner" VT42:20. Cited in the form "sati-"; the final -i may be simply the connecting vowel of the aorist as in *satin "I set aside". This verb "was in Quenya applied to time as well as space" VT42:20 -
92 canta-
3 an undefined verb ? cited in PE17:113. See canya- \#2. -
93 úna
adj. "deprived of, destitute, forlorn" VT39:14. The plural form *únë is not to be confused with the pa.t. of the negative verb ua, q.v. An unglossed word úna, cited in VT49:28, rather seems to be a negated form of ná is. -
94 APPROPRIATE
(to a special purpose or owner) \#sat- (set aside). The verb \#sat- is cited in the form "sati-", evidently including the connecting vowel of the aorist, as in *satin "I appropriate". –VT42:20 -
95 CUT
(vb) rista-; venië (infinitive? stem \#ven-?) (shape), CUT (noun) rista, venwë (shape). The verb nac- is defined as “hew, cut” in late material (nacin, VT49:24), though in Etym, it was assigned the meaning “bite” instead (NAK). CUT OFF (and get rid of or lose a portion:) \#aucir-, (so as to have or or use a required portion:) \#hócir- (Tolkien cited these verbs with what seems to be the ending -i of the aorist: auciri-, hóciri-). –RIS, LT1:254, WJ:365-366, 368 -
96 DEPART
\#av- (cited in the form avin "he departs", read "I depart" in LotR-style Quenya), pa.t. ambë. Also vanya- (pa.t. vannë). (The latter verb Tolkien may have been abandoned in favour of auta-; see PASS.) Lendë pa.t. of lelya/lenna "go" is also glossed as "departed". DEPARTED (adj) vanwa (gone, vanished, lost, past, no longer to be had, dead) –QL:33, WAN, LED cf. VT45:27, WJ:366, Nam -
97 DESIRE
(vb) \#mer- (cited in the form merë, evidently the 3rd person aorist; pa.t. given as mernë) (want, wish). The stem YES yields a word yesta- "desire" (which may however be confused with yesta “beginning”). DESIRE (noun) írë, náma (= "a desire" or "a judgement"), námië (= "a (single) desire" or "a (single) judgement"), milmë (greed). (Note: írë also means "when".) See SEXUAL DESIRE for a term that possibly has this meaning. DESIREABLE írima (loveable), DESIRER Irmo (name of a Vala). DESIRING TO START mína (eager to go), also verb DESIRE TO GO IN SOME DIRECTION mína- (to wish to go to a place, make for it, have some end in view). –MER, ID, VT41:13, MIL-IK, YES/VT46:23, WJ:403, VT39:11 -
98 DISTRIBUTE IN
EVEN PORTIONS etsat-, estat- (cited without a final hyphen in the source, but this would seem to be a verb, and presumably Quenya). –VT48:11 -
99 FLING
hat- (cited as hatin “I fling”, first person sg. aorist), pa.t. hantë (QL:39; compare the root KHAT “hurl”, LR:363). The apparently related noun hatal “spear” occurring in late material (VT49:14) suggests that Tolkien eventually decided to maintain this word, though in the meantime, a distinct verb hat- “break asunder” had occurred in his writings. -
100 KNOCK
\#pet- (strike), pa.t. pentë given. The verb is cited as "pete", perhaps with a suffixed stem-vowel. KNOCK (keep on knocking) tamba- –QL:73, TAM
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